The manage_link_custom_column WordPress PHP action fires for each registered custom link column, allowing you to modify the content in the custom column.
Usage
add_action('manage_link_custom_column', 'your_custom_function', 10, 2);
function your_custom_function($column_name, $link_id) {
  // your custom code here
  return $column_name;
}
Parameters
$column_name(string) – Name of the custom column.$link_id(int) – Link ID.
More information
See WordPress Developer Resources: manage_link_custom_column
Examples
Display link URL in custom column
Display the link URL in a custom column named “Link URL”.
add_action('manage_link_custom_column', 'display_link_url', 10, 2);
function display_link_url($column_name, $link_id) {
  if ($column_name == 'link_url') {
    $link = get_bookmark($link_id);
    echo $link->link_url;
  }
}
Show link description in custom column
Display the link description in a custom column named “Description”.
add_action('manage_link_custom_column', 'display_link_description', 10, 2);
function display_link_description($column_name, $link_id) {
  if ($column_name == 'description') {
    $link = get_bookmark($link_id);
    echo $link->link_description;
  }
}
Display link target in custom column
Show the link target in a custom column named “Link Target”.
add_action('manage_link_custom_column', 'display_link_target', 10, 2);
function display_link_target($column_name, $link_id) {
  if ($column_name == 'link_target') {
    $link = get_bookmark($link_id);
    echo $link->link_target;
  }
}
Show link category in custom column
Display the link category in a custom column named “Category”.
add_action('manage_link_custom_column', 'display_link_category', 10, 2);
function display_link_category($column_name, $link_id) {
  if ($column_name == 'category') {
    $categories = get_the_link_cats($link_id);
    echo implode(', ', $categories);
  }
}
Display custom data in custom column
Show custom data associated with the link in a custom column named “Custom Data”.
add_action('manage_link_custom_column', 'display_custom_data', 10, 2);
function display_custom_data($column_name, $link_id) {
  if ($column_name == 'custom_data') {
    $custom_data = get_post_meta($link_id, 'custom_data', true);
    echo $custom_data;
  }
}